The fledgling federal government had proven it could keep order — a necessity if the U. But many, in particular Thomas Jefferson, thought that this resort to military force was a dangerous mistake. It convinced them that Hamilton was a dangerous man. Discover the fascinating story of Elizebeth Smith Friedman, the groundbreaking cryptanalyst who helped bring down gangsters and break up a Nazi spy ring in South America.
Her work helped lay the foundation for modern codebreaking today. I n the summer of , hundreds of wildfires raged across the Northern Rockies. By the time it was all over, more than three million acres had burned and at least 78 firefighters were dead. It was the largest fire in American history. The fatal duel between Alexander Hamilton and Aaron Burr shocked the nation.
But it was the identity of the man killed that produced such dismay. Aaron Burr had traveled West just six months before to carve out his own empire. They tarred and feathered him, and the local deputy marshals seeking justice met similar fates. They were robbed and beaten, whipped and flogged, tarred and feathered, and tied up and left for dead.
For the next two years, tax collections in the region dwindled. At the end of the month, an armed force of about 7,, led by the radical attorney David Bradford, robbed the U. President Washington responded quickly. First, Washington dispatched a committee of three distinguished Pennsylvanians to meet with the rebels and try to bring about a peaceful resolution. Meanwhile, he gathered an army of thirteen thousand militiamen in Carlisle, Pennsylvania. On September 19, Washington became the only sitting president to lead troops in the field, though he quickly turned over the army to the command of Henry Lee, a Revolutionary hero and the current governor of Virginia.
As the federal army moved westward, the farmers scattered. Hoping to make a dramatic display of federal authority, Alexander Hamilton oversaw the arrest and trial of a number of rebels. Many were released due to lack of evidence, and most of those who remained, including two men sentenced to death for treason, were soon pardoned by the president. The Whiskey Rebellion had shown that the federal government was capable of quelling internal unrest. But it also had demonstrated that some citizens, especially poor westerners, viewed it as their enemy.
Around the same time, another national issue also aroused fierce protest. Along with his vision of a strong national financial system, Hamilton also had a vision of an America busily engaged in foreign trade. In his mind, that meant pursuing a friendly relationship with one nation in particular: Great Britain.
Their naval war threatened American shipping. Nevertheless, President Washington was conscious of American weakness and was determined not to take sides.
In April , he officially declared that the United States would remain neutral. Jefferson and Madison strongly opposed these negotiations. Readers with an interest in history will find the book useful and interesting. A must buy for college, university, and larger public libraries. B78 Reprint of the ed. Available online from Hathi Trust External. H64 A gripping and provocative tale of violence, alcohol, and taxes, The Whiskey Rebellion pits President George Washington and Secretary of the Treasury Alexander Hamilton against angry, armed settlers across the Appalachians.
Unearthing a pungent segment of early American history long ignored by historians, William Hogeland brings to startling life the rebellion that decisively contributed to the establishment of federal authority.
P41 2d ser. Library of Congress Digital Resources The following resources created or digitized by the Library of Congress can be used to find out more about the people and events of the day. A Century of Lawmaking: U. Congressional Documents and Debates Within these documents you will find discussions of the distilled spirits tax and many other items put before Congress. The excise tax was referenced in a number of ways throughout the text. A browse of the Journals and Debates of Congress by date range may be more effective than a keyword search.
Searching for keywords like "whiskey rebellion" will return multitude of results from all over the country. Digital Image Collections You can find images on the topic by searching the keywords like "flint strike", "autoworkers", "flint, michigan",. Internet Resources There are many websites available for the Whiskey Rebellion. Howard Blackburn and William H. New York, Lewis Publishing Company. Chapter 10, pp. Transcribed and donated by Batha Karr. Heritage Series Click on thumbnails of each painting for brief details of the events.
The Whiskey Rebellion National Park Service archived page External Albert Gallatin, not a name commonly known today but well known in the Jeffersonian era, was a notable statesman, diplomat, financier, historian, ethnologist, industrialist and farmer. This Friendship Hill National Historic Site provides insight into Albert Gallatin's role in the whiskey rebellion as well as other events during his lifetime. This page from the Bedford County, Pennsylvania Visitors Bureau provides a brief history and the text of President Washington's address to General Henry Lee, the commander and chief of the militia army.
Department of the Treasury presents an account of the this rebellion from the time of the distilled spirits tax in The site also provides links to other sites with information and a short bibliography for further reading. Search the Library's Catalog Additional works on this topic in the Library of Congress may be identified by searching the Library of Congress Online Catalog under appropriate Library of Congress subject headings.
Whiskey Rebellion, Pa. Pennsylvania --HistorySources. Pennsylvania--Politics and government Chapter X pages - Accessed February 3, Back to text The Whiskey Rebellion.
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