Summary Read the full fact sheet. On this page. Cause of dengue virus Symptoms of dengue virus Symptoms of severe dengue virus Where dengue virus commonly occurs Dengue virus in Australia How dengue virus is spread Avoid mosquito bites and avoid dengue virus in commonly affected areas Diagnosis of dengue virus Treatment for dengue virus Where to get help. Symptoms of dengue virus The typical signs and symptoms of dengue virus may include: high temperature severe headache pain behind the eyes joint and muscle aches appetite loss nausea and vomiting generally feeling unwell malaise skin rash In most cases, symptoms resolve within one to two weeks.
Symptoms of severe dengue virus Although rare in Australia, certain people can develop severe dengue virus infection. Warning signs of more severe dengue virus include the typical signs and symptoms in additional to some or all of the following: severe abdominal pain restlessness and fatigue persistent vomiting which may include blood shortness of breath nose bleeds and bleeding gums.
A small number of people who experience these symptoms will go on to have severe dengue which can include: severe bleeding extremely low blood pressure caused by blood loss shock coma death. Dengue virus in Australia Cases of dengue virus occur in northern Queensland from time to time when travellers who have been infected overseas return and introduce the virus to the local mosquito population. How dengue virus is spread Dengue virus is not transmitted spread from person to person.
Avoid mosquito bites and avoid dengue virus in commonly affected areas Protect yourself against mosquito bites to avoid dengue virus and other mosquito-borne diseases in dengue-affected areas. Suggestions include: Wear socks, long pants and long-sleeved shirts.
Loose fitting clothing makes it harder for mosquitoes to bite you through your clothes. Reapply regularly and make sure you follow directions for safe use on the label. For kids, it can be safer to spray insect repellent on their clothes rather than their skin.
Apply insect repellent first thing in the morning because dengue mosquitoes bite during the day, both outdoors and inside homes and buildings. Apply a product, such as permethrin, to your clothes or bedding. Use a bed net mosquito net. Stay in air-conditioned accommodation with flyscreens on the windows. Diagnosis of dengue virus See a doctor immediately if you think you may have dengue virus. Treatment for dengue virus There is no specific treatment for dengue virus.
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JAMA Neurol. What explains the lacklustre response to Zika in Brazil? Exploring institutional, economic and health system context. BMJ Glob. Health 3 , e Imai, N. There were two and four settlements with no Ae.
Twelve settlements in La Mesa had more than 20 female Ae. In eight settlements in La Mesa, less than 20 mosquitoes were collected, of which four had no Ae. The sample positivity rate was The proportion of DENV positive individual mosquitoes was assessed to 4.
The MIR was It is possible that several mosquitoes per pool were infected with the same serotype, thereby increasing the proportion of infected individual mosquitoes. However, as the study design did not allow these to be distinguished from each other, we decided to estimate the proportion as conservatively as possible. Detected dengue virus DENV serotypes are shown in parentheses. A: Anapoima.
Mosquitoes collected in July and April This study showed that Ae. We found relatively high mosquito densities in the study area with an average of up to three Ae.
A quantitative comparison with other studies is difficult, due to different collection methods. However, studies in Thailand and Puerto Rico were performed in a similar way min aspirating collections with reported mean densities of 11 and seven Ae.
Dengue virus-infected Aedes aegypti in the home environment. We decided to pool mosquitoes from settlement for two reasons. Firstly, a single house frequently had less than three female mosquitoes, and secondly, the settlement behave as a community where people share and move permanently inside the settlement despite that houses are separated. Reporte de evento. DENV-3 first appeared in and represents approximately Biomedica Determination of dengue virus serotypes in individual Aedes aegypti mosquitoes in Colombia.
Human and mosquito infections by dengue viruses during and after epidemics in a dengue-endemic region of Colombia. This is high compared to Groot et al. Patient-based dengue virus surveillance inAedes aegypti from Recife, Brazil.
J Vector Borne Dis The reason for the high rates of infection in our study could have been exacerbated by the Colombian dengue epidemic in The exact mosquito infection rate is not known since pools of mosquitoes were analysed. However, the estimated mosquito infection rate was calculated at 4. During dengue epidemics in the s, infection rates detected by immunofluorescence of individually tested mosquitoes collected from several Colombian urban locations were 2.
During a nonepidemic period in the department of Antioquia, a mosquito infection rate of 1. Double infection of heteroserotypes of dengue viruses in field populations of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus Diptera: Culicidae and serological features of dengue viruses found in patients in southern Thailand.
Detection and typing of dengue viruses in Aedes aegypti Diptera: Culicidae in the city of Manaus, state of Amazonas. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop Salud Publica Mex The mosquito infection rates in our study can be considered relatively high compared to other studies performed in urban neighbourhoods. It is clear that the high percentage of positive pools was not because of carry-over contamination, because different pools simultaneously processed were positive to different virus amplicons or were definitely negative.
Dengue control activities are not carried out in rural areas in Colombia. Encuesta nacional de calidad de vida The necessity to store water in households and the presence of solid waste therefore create abundant breeding sites for Ae. Biomedica 31 Suppl. The study area is characterised by high human population movements between urban and rural areas. The high infection rates in mosquitoes found here and the factors mentioned above suggest a latent virus reservoir in rural areas, which can spill over into urban areas at times of high population movements potentially creating epidemics.
Co-infection of different DENV serotypes in individual mosquitoes is not common. It was first reported from mosquitoes in southern Thailand Thavara et al.
We detected double DENV serotypes in four mosquito pools from single households and triple presence in one pool. It is more likely that these reflect single infections in separate mosquitoes and not multiple DENV detection in individual mosquitoes.
How does an Aedes aegypti mosquito become a dengue vector? After a mosquito feeds on the blood of someone infected with the dengue virus, that mosquito becomes a dengue vector. The mosquito must take its blood meal during the period of viremia, when the infected person has high levels of the dengue virus in the blood.
Once the virus enters the mosquito's system in the blood meal, the virus spreads through the mosquito's body over a period of eight to twelve days. After this period, the infected mosquito can transmit the dengue virus to another person while feeding. Does a mosquito infected with the dengue virus only transmit the virus to the next person it feeds on?
No, once infected with dengue, the mosquito will remain infected with the virus for its entire life. Infected mosquitoes can continue transmitting the dengue virus to healthy people for the rest of their life spans, generally a three- to four-week period. Both male and female mosquitoes feed on plant nectars, fruit juices, and other plants sugars as their main energy source. Why, then, do mosquitoes bite humans? Female mosquitoes require blood to produce eggs, so they bite humans. Each female mosquito can lay multiple batches of eggs during its lifetime, and often Aedes aegypti take several blood meals before laying a batch of eggs.
When a female mosquito is infected with the dengue virus, the virus is present in its salivary glands. How does the virus travel from the mosquito's salivary glands into a human?
When taking a blood meal, an infected female mosquito injects its saliva into the human host to prevent the host's blood from clotting and to ease feeding. This injection of saliva infects the host with the dengue virus. Are mosquito bites the only way the dengue virus can be transmitted to humans? In rare events, dengue can be transmitted during organ transplantations or blood transfusions from infected donors.
There is also evidence that an infected pregnant mother can transmit the dengue virus to her fetus. Despite these rare events, the majority of dengue infections are transmitted by mosquito bites. Figure 3: Aedes aegypti life cycle Female Aedes aegypti commonly lay eggs on the inner walls of artificial containers. When the containers fill with water, mosquito larvae hatch from the eggs. After developing through four larval stages, the larvae metamorphose into pupas.
Like the larval stage, the pupal stage is also aquatic. After two days, a fully developed adult mosquito forms and breaks through the skin of the pupa. The adult mosquito can fly and has a terrestrial habitat.
What are the life stages of mosquitoes? Mosquitoes have a complicated life cycle Figure 3. As they develop, mosquitoes change their shapes and habitats. Female mosquitoes generally lay their eggs above the water line inside containers that hold water. These containers include tires, buckets, birdbaths, water storage jars, and flower pots.
Mosquito larvae hatch from the eggs when the containers fill with water, in many cases after a rainfall. The larvae are aquatic, meaning that they live in the water and feed on microorganisms found in the water. Larvae go through developmental stages in which they molt, or shed their skin, three times.
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