If the frame holding the springs in place is a wooden frame, the strongest possible frames are those constructed using traditional jointing techniques. The seat area of the sofa will be covered and supported by a layer of woven webbing over the frame beneath.
The strips which are set in place to enable this tend to be either 2 inches or 5mm in width are slotted into the side, front and back frame areas and then woven across lengthwise. This is then set in place from the use of a web stretching too to ensure the area to which the springs sit have the correct tension to be able to take the weight pushed across the sofa. Internally the steel sofa springs are tied to the webbing of the sofa using upholstery twine. This will be tied by the tops of the spings being connected using lengths of the upholstery twine that will be tied to the top of each spring.
The springs are then tied into one another, side by side, using the same length and piece of twine. Typically, they are tied in eight ways involving the springs all being connected together and each length of the twine tacked to the side, back and front rails of the sofa. From here, a cover made of canvas is then covered before the final material is placed on top; this being the material your bottom will make contact with. The material placed beneath is stretched out and tacked to the side rails.
Next, layers of stuffing and padding are added, then followed by another canvas layer to hold this structured enclosed and together in a sturdy manner. Lastly, the top, upholstered cover is placed, stretched and tacked onto the side rails.
This is the case regardless of whether the sofa may be leather or a sofa made from a fabric. In all cases, this is how sofas tend to be manufactured to securely and effectively enclosed the spring-like mechanism which nearly all sofas now have. Weirdly, the technique and methods all used to manufacture and build sofas is just the same as that of how a bed mattress is typically manufactured.
The key is for the padding to be of a certain density to be comfortable for a sufficient amount of time to come. After all, this is what all customers are paying for when they invest in a brand new sofa.
By definition, a sofa is a seat that is upholstered, complete with arms either side and a back. Though upholstery is around us everywhere we look to the degree we almost take it for granted nowadays, historically upholstery dates back to ancient Egypt.
This was the period during which pharoahs' tombs were furnished with materials and outer linings for comfort preserved to last a millennia. Ancient Egyptians and Romans and their latter contemporaries would then reserve these items of furniture for members of royalty and other social elites.
In the western world, sofa upholstery has developed slowly through time at the same rate as architecture has evolved and improved. Prior to the s and before the evolution of sofa upholstery, it would have been the norm to have seen seating for two or more people supplied by a hard bench. Once the sofa became less of an item of protection from the outer elements, fabric would be used for decoration on items of furniture.
Across Europe, there were influences and styles that would contribute to the design of general sofa upholstery. Germans introduced the use of horsehair padding in upholstery, the English dried sea moss and the Italians introduced the design of backrests and arms during the Renaissance.
Upholstered chairs had been around however the sofa was next in line. A sofa with a down cushion was an extended, larger version of the upholstered chair.
Where there are different varieties of spring arrangements in sofas, this was a time where different stuffing methods were established. This included using buttons to secure padding rather than "tufting" sewing raised loops or cut pile into the fabric.
Throughout the history of upholstery over time, it would be the 's that would see the most significant period. During this time, the advent of industrial technology had a significant impact and influence on modern methods of upholstery. In , this was when coil springs were invented which would go on to change upholstery in a massive way as springs are used still today. Sofa's today typically have springs beneath - to both even out weight distribution and add comfort.
It was around this time too that the sewing machine was developed and introduced into upholstery working methods, in turn speeding up the processes of upholstery. Methods and improvements such as welting would have not come about would it have not been for the sewing machine.
Looking in detail at the history of the coil spring in upholstery, it was not always a straightforward addition for sofa's. Introduced to add padding, poor tying techniques and an initial high material cost made coil springs an impractical material for use in upholstery.
Early typical mistakes would include upholsterers upholstering over untied coils. This would be disasterous, causing the coils to fall and spring out creating uneven lumps in areas across the sofa, in turn making for an uncomfortable sofa to sit on. At worst, sharp coil springs would even tear through the outer upholstery. Maybe I am making a mistake somewhere? Hi andrija , would it be possible for your case to first constrain the motion of the two bodies with a LinearMovementConstraint and then introduce a spring?
That would basically do the same thing that you are describing, right? Hi scheikl — Paul. It is a great suggestion, and believe it will work and solve it. So actually the two rigid bodies that would be connected with a spring, would be lying on top of other bigger cube where this cube would carry them and I will move the cube in different directions by applying input force.
To my experience applying the LinearMovementConstraint would then limit the motion of two rigid bodes globally and then they cannot realize motion together with the cube that would carry them. But maybe I am wrong? What do you think? I am writing this as I actually tried using PartialLinearMovementConstraint and then the motion of the two rigid bodies was globally constrained.
It is a funny thing what I am trying out, but for my project I need somehow to simulate spring like actuator that would attract two rigid bodies i. Hi scheikl ,. Many thanks for your help! The ArticulatedSystemMapping will solve it! I just need a bit of time to get a hang on it, but it seems like exactly what I was looking for. Hi andrija , you are very welcome!
Thanks once again. I am working on it now. When I make it work, I will share a code, maybe it would ne useful to others as well. Thanks again for your help back then. Sorry for not been updating sooner with my progress.
I tried many things with using the ArticulatedSystemMapping but still I cannot make it work as I wanted. I guess I cannot get my head around it and understand it fully. I will share my code as soon as I make it a bit more neat, then maybe you or others can help a bit. Hi andrija , no worries. The beam part should not be necessary.
As long as you have some Rigid3 objects it should work fine. I can highly recommend the Tutorials in the SoftRobots Plugin. Many thanks for your help and for providing me more information about this.
I am trying to figure this out, but still no luck. I am really sorry my knowledge is limited. What I basically setup above are two prismatic objects that represent my two input ports.
I added to points that represent Rigid body and they are connected to my input ports with BarycentricMapping. How I should now define or add ArticulatedSystemMapping between my two input ports or corresponding points that represent rigid body so that I have the same behavior like in the SOFA doc example for ArticulatedSystemMapping?
Or in general sense how I can realize the thing I asked before, i. Maybe you could try to adapt the code in the actuated arm of the SoftRobots Plugin. Sand one side of the plywood smooth using an orbital sander and grit sandpaper. Place the plywood on top of the light fabric with the sanded side up. Center it side to side. Push it flush to the back. Place the cushions on top of the plywood. You can go the extra step if needed and purchase new wire and clips.
Run additional wires from side to side as needed to beef up the springs even more. You can purchase additional clips and wire at any upholstery supply location. Related Articles. Tip You can go the extra step if needed and purchase new wire and clips. Warning Wear eye protection and be careful with the sharp ends on some springs that can cut skin. Wear eye protection and be careful with the sharp ends on some springs that can cut skin.
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